The Nobel
Prize is a set of annual international awards bestowed in a number of
categories by Swedish and Norwegian committees in recognition of cultural
and/or scientific advances. The will of the Swedish inventor Alfred Nobel established
the prizes in 1895. The prizes in Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine,
Literature and Peace were first awarded in 1901. The
related Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences was created in 1968. Between
1901 and 2012, the Nobel Prizes and the Prize in Economic Sciences were awarded
555 times to 863 people and organizations. With some receiving the Nobel Prize
more than once, this makes a total of 835 individuals and 21 organizations.
The Peace
Prize is awarded in Oslo, Norway, while the other prizes are awarded in Stockholm,
Sweden. The Nobel Prize is widely regarded as the most prestigious award available
in the fields of literature, medicine, physics, chemistry, peace, and
economics.
The various prizes are awarded yearly. Each recipient, or laureate,
receives a gold medal, a diploma and a sum of money, which is decided by the Nobel
Foundation.
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